
“地”就是根據地溫來收獲。地溫在(zai)18℃左右(you),紅(hong)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)重量增加很少;地溫在(zai)15℃左右(you),紅(hong)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)停止(zhi)膨大;地溫長時間在(zai)9℃以下,就會發(fa)生冷害。因此,一(yi)般在(zai)地溫18℃時就開始收(shou)刨(bao)(bao)(bao)紅(hong)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu),在(zai)枯霜(shuang)前(qian)收(shou)刨(bao)(bao)(bao)完畢(bi)。切干用(yong)的春紅(hong)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)或騰茬(cha)種(zhong)(zhong)冬小麥的一(yi)般在(zai)寒露前(qian)收(shou)刨(bao)(bao)(bao),留(liu)種(zhong)(zhong)用(yong)的夏紅(hong)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)在(zai)霜(shuang)降前(qian)收(shou)刨(bao)(bao)(bao),貯藏食用(yong)的紅(hong)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)稍晚一(yi)些收(shou)刨(bao)(bao)(bao),但在(zai)枯霜(shuang)前(qian)一(yi)定要收(shou)完。
“土”就是根據土壤干濕來收獲。土壤(rang)過(guo)(guo)干(gan)或過(guo)(guo)濕(shi)(shi)(shi),對紅(hong)薯(shu)收獲均不(bu)利。過(guo)(guo)干(gan),土壤(rang)含水量減少,地溫變化(hua)大,紅(hong)薯(shu)易受冷害,且不(bu)易收刨。過(guo)(guo)濕(shi)(shi)(shi),土壤(rang)含水量過(guo)(guo)多(duo),紅(hong)薯(shu)不(bu)僅不(bu)易收刨,而且含水量大,收獲后不(bu)耐貯藏。土壤(rang)過(guo)(guo)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)時應先割去(qu)紅(hong)薯(shu)莖蔓,曬幾天,待土壤(rang)稍干(gan)再收刨。
“留”就是根據是否留種來收獲。留種(zhong)用的夏紅薯,宜在晴天(tian)上午收刨,在田間曬一(yi)曬,當天(tian)下(xia)午入窖(jiao),不要在地里過(guo)夜,以(yi)免遭受冷(leng)害。
“用”就是根據用途來貯藏。紅薯(shu)收(shou)刨后,可在地里(li)進行選(xuan)薯(shu),去掉病、殘(can)及水漬的薯(shu)塊,并(bing)按不同用途和品種(zhong)分別(bie)貯藏。從(cong)收(shou)刨到貯藏過程中(zhong),要盡量減少翻倒(dao)次(ci)數,并(bing)要注意輕(qing)拿(na)、輕(qing)放、輕(qing)裝(zhuang)、輕(qing)運,以免(mian)碰(peng)傷(shang)薯(shu)皮。