一、防蟲網覆蓋技術

在設施上(shang)覆蓋防(fang)蟲(chong)(chong)網后形成封閉隔(ge)離空(kong)間(jian)，可以(yi)有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)阻(zu)止(zhi)成蟲(chong)(chong)進入(ru)產(chan)卵和(he)幼蟲(chong)(chong)進入(ru)直接危害(hai)，切(qie)斷了(le)害(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)的傳播途徑，防(fang)蟲(chong)(chong)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)果(guo)十分明顯(xian)。銀灰(hui)色防(fang)蟲(chong)(chong)網還有(you)驅避(bi)蚜(ya)蟲(chong)(chong)作用。據試(shi)驗，在5～10月用20目銀灰(hui)色防(fang)蟲(chong)(chong)網全天候覆蓋小棚小青菜(cai)，出苗后14天和(he)24天觀(guan)察，防(fang)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)分別達(da)到(dao)83%和(he)72%;播種前用80%敵(di)敵(di)畏乳(ru)油800～1000倍液噴灑土壤(rang)1次，如植株上(shang)未發現(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)害(hai)，防(fang)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)高達(da)100%.由于防(fang)蟲(chong)(chong)網能有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)地預防(fang)控制蚜(ya)蟲(chong)(chong)傳播病毒，所以(yi)小青菜(cai)幾(ji)乎(hu)沒有(you)病毒病發生(sheng)。與常規（露地）生(sheng)產(chan)相(xiang)比，每(mei)茬減少用藥7次，可保證無公害(hai)生(sheng)產(chan)。

二、頻振式殺蟲燈

 燈(deng)(deng)(deng)光誘(you)(you)殺(sha)(sha)是(shi)利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)趨光性進行誘(you)(you)殺(sha)(sha)的一種物(wu)理防治方(fang)法。據(ju)試驗，誘(you)(you)殺(sha)(sha)的害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)主(zhu)要有(you)鱗(lin)翅(chi)目、鞘翅(chi)目等(deng)(deng)7個目20多(duo)科40多(duo)種害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)，其中鱗(lin)翅(chi)目占誘(you)(you)殺(sha)(sha)總量的69.8%上，斜紋夜(ye)蛾、棉鈴蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)等(deng)(deng)夜(ye)蛾科害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)又占鱗(lin)翅(chi)目害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)的75.2%.據(ju)9～11月試驗，平均每(mei)(mei)天每(mei)(mei)盞(zhan)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)誘(you)(you)殺(sha)(sha)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)1415頭。使用(yong)(yong)(yong)頻(pin)(pin)振(zhen)式殺(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)的比常規管理每(mei)(mei)茬減少用(yong)(yong)(yong)藥2～3次；應用(yong)(yong)(yong)頻(pin)(pin)振(zhen)式殺(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)對(dui)大(da)敵的傷害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)小，益(yi)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)比≤1:98.5;普通型號的頻(pin)(pin)振(zhen)式殺(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)每(mei)(mei)晚耗電0.5度，僅為高壓(ya)汞燈(deng)(deng)(deng)的9.4%使用(yong)(yong)(yong)成本低；用(yong)(yong)(yong)普通型號的頻(pin)(pin)振(zhen)式殺(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)，只需每(mei)(mei)天早晚關(guan)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)、開燈(deng)(deng)(deng)即可，無需加水和洗衣粉(fen)或柴油；如選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)光控型頻(pin)(pin)振(zhen)式殺(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)，每(mei)(mei)天早晚自動關(guan)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)、開燈(deng)(deng)(deng)，更為方(fang)便(bian)。

三、硝(xiao)酸(suan)鹽污染控(kong)制技術

控(kong)制(zhi)氮肥(fei)(fei)施用(yong)量(liang)是控(kong)制(zhi)蔬(shu)菜(cai)硝酸鹽(yan)含量(liang)超標的(de)關鍵技術(shu)。試驗表明，盲(mang)目增施有機肥(fei)(fei)則會造成蔬(shu)菜(cai)硝酸鹽(yan)超標。而將磷肥(fei)(fei)全部、鉀肥(fei)(fei)2/3、氮肥(fei)(fei)1/3作基肥(fei)(fei)；基肥(fei)(fei)以優質農家肥(fei)(fei)為(wei)主（667平方(fang)米施用(yong)量(liang)一(yi)(yi)般(ban)為(wei)3000～5000公斤）,2/3撒施，1/3溝施。重施基肥(fei)(fei)、輕施追肥(fei)(fei)能明顯(xian)控(kong)制(zhi)蔬(shu)菜(cai)中硝酸鹽(yan)含量(liang)，尤(you)其是生(sheng)育期短的(de)速生(sheng)葉菜(cai)（最后一(yi)(yi)次追施氮肥(fei)(fei)應在(zai)采收(shou)前(qian)15～20天進行(xing)）.

四、黃板誘殺技術

利用(yong)蚜(ya)蟲(chong)(chong)等害(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)的趨(qu)黃性(xing)，在園藝設施內(nei)懸掛一些(xie)黃色粘蟲(chong)(chong)板誘(you)殺(sha)害(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)。據試(shi)驗，在生(sheng)產番(fan)茄、黃瓜的日光(guang)溫(wen)室內(nei)1.5～1.8米(mi)高處，每畝懸掛50×50厘米(mi)或50×70厘米(mi)的自制黃板20～25個，可使蚜(ya)蟲(chong)(chong)的蟲(chong)(chong)口(kou)密度降低20%～40%,每茬減少用(yong)藥(yao)(yao)5～8次。把防蟲(chong)(chong)網(wang)與黃板同時應用(yong)于蔬(shu)菜無公害(hai)生(sheng)產，防蟲(chong)(chong)網(wang)夏季全天候覆(fu)蓋，冬春秋封閉通(tong)風口(kou)和門，全年應用(yong)黃板誘(you)殺(sha)設施內(nei)漏網(wang)的害(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)，可起到雙管(guan)齊下的作用(yong)，大(da)大(da)減少用(yong)藥(yao)(yao)次數，且(qie)增收(shou)節支明顯。

五(wu)、避雨栽(zai)培防病技術

我國夏(xia)多雨(yu)、高(gao)溫，病(bing)害(hai)猖獗，用(yong)(yong)(yong)藥頻繁(fan)，蔬菜污(wu)染嚴重，質(zhi)次(ci)價高(gao)，無公(gong)害(hai)生產難度較大。而采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)了避雨(yu)栽培技(ji)術后(hou)，防病(bing)效果(guo)(guo)顯著。據試驗，用(yong)(yong)(yong)塑(su)料薄(bo)膜覆蓋日光溫室避雨(yu)，并(bing)覆蓋遮陽網栽培夏(xia)秋番茄，有減(jian)(jian)少(shao)藥劑(ji)防治次(ci)數(shu)和(he)用(yong)(yong)(yong)藥量(liang)及增(zeng)(zeng)產增(zeng)(zeng)收的(de)優點(dian)。與對照(zhao)（露地(di)）相比，避雨(yu)栽培番茄的(de)晚(wan)疫(yi)病(bing)、病(bing)毒病(bing)發病(bing)率分(fen)別低23個百分(fen)點(dian)和(he)31個百分(fen)點(dian)；用(yong)(yong)(yong)藥次(ci)數(shu)和(he)用(yong)(yong)(yong)藥量(liang)減(jian)(jian)少(shao)66.7%;番茄的(de)晚(wan)疫(yi)病(bing)、綿疫(yi)病(bing)爛果(guo)(guo)率減(jian)(jian)少(shao)17.2個百分(fen)點(dian)，裂果(guo)(guo)和(he)日燒果(guo)(guo)也明顯減(jian)(jian)少(shao)；每(mei)667平方米(mi)增(zeng)(zeng)產17.4%,增(zeng)(zeng)值(zhi)36.4%.

六(liu)、設(she)施內控濕防病技術

據(ju)試(shi)驗，節能日光溫室內起15～20厘(li)米的高壟，覆蓋(gai)地膜(mo)(mo)，栽(zai)培冬春茬黃瓜，與對照（平畦，未覆蓋(gai)地膜(mo)(mo)）相比，5厘(li)米地溫提高1.2℃～1.5℃，空(kong)氣濕度降低(di)20%～30%,發(fa)病率(lv)利用藥次數減(jian)少30%以上(shang)，增產(chan)增收10%以上(shang)。據(ju)試(shi)驗，覆蓋(gai)流滴膜(mo)(mo)的大棚黃瓜霜霉(mei)病發(fa)病率(lv)，比覆蓋(gai)普通(tong)膜(mo)(mo)低(di)30.2個百分點。

七(qi)、生物農藥(yao)施用技術

目前(qian)，我(wo)國蔬菜產品(pin)中最(zui)突出(chu)的污染物是(shi)農(nong)(nong)藥殘(can)留。而試驗示范(fan)推廣(guang)微生(sheng)物、農(nong)(nong)用(yong)抗生(sheng)素、植物源、昆蟲(chong)生(sheng)長調節劑四大(da)類20多種生(sheng)物農(nong)(nong)藥，不(bu)僅防(fang)治效果(guo)良好(hao)，也可確保蔬菜無公害生(sheng)產，減輕農(nong)(nong)藥對水、土壤、空氣的污染。