加強水分管理，適時抗旱保墑排澇防漬

大蒜前期根系(xi)淺(qian)，吸水能力較差(cha)，在出(chu)苗前澆足足夠的(de)水分外，出(chu)苗后的(de)生(sheng)長期要保(bao)持土(tu)壤(rang)濕潤，秋旱期間要適時抗旱，保(bao)證土(tu)壤(rang)有足夠的(de)墑情。同(tong)時，陰雨天要及時清溝排(pai)除積水防漬(zi)害(hai)。

適時追肥促生長，保證旺長期不脫肥

追(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)應分苗(miao)(miao)蒜(suan)和蒜(suan)頭二種不(bu)同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生產。苗(miao)(miao)蒜(suan)追(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)一(yi)般在(zai)出苗(miao)(miao)后(hou)30-40天(tian)(tian)進行(xing)(xing)第(di)一(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)追(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)，可(ke)畝(mu)(mu)用尿素、過磷酸鈣(gai)各10-12公(gong)斤(jin)對(dui)水淋施(shi)或雨天(tian)(tian)追(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)施(shi)。間(jian)隔(ge)15-20天(tian)(tian)后(hou)追(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)第(di)二次(ci)(ci)(ci)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)，畝(mu)(mu)用尿素、過磷酸鈣(gai)各12-15公(gong)斤(jin)硫(liu)酸鉀(jia)(jia)5-6公(gong)斤(jin)；第(di)三次(ci)(ci)(ci)追(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)在(zai)第(di)二次(ci)(ci)(ci)追(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)20-25天(tian)(tian)，畝(mu)(mu)用尿素、過磷酸鈣(gai)各13-15公(gong)斤(jin)、硫(liu)酸鉀(jia)(jia)3-5公(gong)斤(jin)。如每(mei)次(ci)(ci)(ci)追(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)是對(dui)水淋施(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)話，即淋施(shi)后(hou)必須全面的(de)(de)(de)(de)潑灑(sa)一(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)清水淋洗(xi)苗(miao)(miao)。并保(bao)持覆蓋(gai)物濕(shi)潤(run)4-5天(tian)(tian)。整個苗(miao)(miao)蒜(suan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生長(chang)期(qi)視苗(miao)(miao)情(qing)可(ke)用0.3%磷酸二氫鉀(jia)(jia)溶(rong)液(ye)3-4次(ci)(ci)(ci)，每(mei)隔(ge)7天(tian)(tian)左右噴一(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)。蒜(suan)頭生產的(de)(de)(de)(de)追(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)，的(de)(de)(de)(de)出苗(miao)(miao)后(hou)30-40天(tian)(tian)進行(xing)(xing)第(di)一(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)追(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)，畝(mu)(mu)用三個15%的(de)(de)(de)(de)硫(liu)酸鉀(jia)(jia)復(fu)合肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)15公(gong)斤(jin)，對(dui)水淋施(shi)。第(di)二次(ci)(ci)(ci)追(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)間(jian)隔(ge)30天(tian)(tian)左右；第(di)三次(ci)(ci)(ci)追(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)間(jian)隔(ge)45天(tian)(tian)左右，二次(ci)(ci)(ci)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料同(tong)(tong)樣用高濃度硫(liu)酸鉀(jia)(jia)復(fu)合肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)12-15公(gong)斤(jin)；每(mei)次(ci)(ci)(ci)施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)后(hou)都要保(bao)持土壤濕(shi)潤(run)。

及時防治病蟲害，保證大蒜質量

大蒜在秋(qiu)季和春季易發生葉枯病(bing)(bing)(bing)、疫病(bing)(bing)(bing)、灰霉(mei)(mei)病(bing)(bing)(bing)、根蛆、蔥(cong)蠅、蔥(cong)薊(ji)馬等。防治(zhi)上(shang)要及時清(qing)除田間病(bing)(bing)(bing)殘(can)體(ti)，禁(jin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)十字花科殘(can)體(ti)作覆(fu)蓋物。合理施用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)氮(dan)肥，堅(jian)(jian)持(chi)深溝窄廂，杜絕大水漫灌，及時抗旱和清(qing)溝排漬。藥(yao)劑使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)上(shang)要堅(jian)(jian)持(chi)不同藥(yao)劑的交替使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，禁(jin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)高毒(du)高殘(can)留農藥(yao)，保(bao)證農藥(yao)的安(an)全間隔期。病(bing)(bing)(bing)害(hai)防治(zhi)可用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)代(dai)森錳(meng)鋅、生物先鋒、滅病(bing)(bing)(bing)威(wei)、三(san)唑酮、菌毒(du)清(qing)、農用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)鏈霉(mei)(mei)素等。蟲害(hai)防治(zhi)可用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)地友、四季紅、90%晶體(ti)敵百蟲等。

及時拔除田間雜草，防止草荒苗

由于播后(hou)覆蓋和(he)播后(hou)封閉式化學除草(cao)不徹底或人為(wei)的(de)破壞等原因，都可(ke)引起(qi)雜(za)草(cao)的(de)生長(chang)，因此，要及時人工(gong)拔除雜(za)草(cao)，防止草(cao)荒苗和(he)病(bing)蟲的(de)滋生。