一、豌豆的種植時間

豌豆(dou)(dou)是(shi)四(si)季(ji)蔬(shu)菜(cai)，因此一年四(si)季(ji)都可(ke)以種(zhong)植，在(zai)種(zhong)植時可(ke)根據(ju)(ju)茬口、季(ji)節等靈活掌握播期，也可(ke)根據(ju)(ju)豆(dou)(dou)莢上(shang)(shang)市的時間(jian)需求(qiu)確定適宜的播種(zhong)日(ri)(ri)期，豌豆(dou)(dou)播種(zhong)期與收獲時間(jian)關系如下(xia)： 秋季(ji)遮(zhe)陽網(wang)棚栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)8月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)上(shang)(shang)旬--8月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)底10月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)1日(ri)(ri)前，秋季(ji)露(lu)地(di)栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)8月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)下(xia)旬--9月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)旬10月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)旬， 冬季(ji)薄膜溫室(shi)大(da)棚栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)10月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)--翌年2月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)元旦(dan)，冬季(ji)露(lu)地(di)栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)11月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)--翌年1月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)1日(ri)(ri)前后(hou)，春季(ji)露(lu)地(di)栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)2月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)--4月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)旬，夏(xia)季(ji)露(lu)地(di)栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)上(shang)(shang)旬--5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)底6月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)下(xia)旬，夏(xia)季(ji)遮(zhe)陽網(wang)棚栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)旬--6月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)旬7月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)上(shang)(shang)旬。

二、豌豆種植技術要點

(1)播種方式

播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)可選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)點播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)、撒播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)、條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)，點播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)行(xing)距(ju)35厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，株距(ju)10厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，每穴2～3粒(li)，用(yong)(yong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)量在10～20千(qian)克；撒播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)畝用(yong)(yong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)量15～20千(qian)克，一般使用(yong)(yong)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)最(zui)佳，因為(wei)這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)方(fang)(fang)法不(bu)僅省(sheng)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、方(fang)(fang)便除草，還有利于施肥和青豆莢采收。采用(yong)(yong)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)時在整好的(de)地(di)上(shang)按(an)墑(di)溝寬(kuan)30厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)、墑(di)面寬(kuan)1.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)標準劃墑(di)，按(an)照播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)幅(fu)寬(kuan)0.15米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)、空幅(fu)寬(kuan)0.25米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)規格進行(xing)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)后細土覆蓋，每畝地(di)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)粒(li)數控制在3.7萬～4.3萬粒(li)。

(2)合理施肥

在整地時(shi)，每(mei)畝(mu)地施(shi)廄(jiu)糞1000千(qian)(qian)克(ke)(ke)(ke)左右；播種(zhong)(zhong)時(shi)用(yong)45%三元(yuan)復合肥20千(qian)(qian)克(ke)(ke)(ke)或(huo)鈣鎂(mei)磷肥25千(qian)(qian)克(ke)(ke)(ke)撒施(shi)于播種(zhong)(zhong)溝或(huo)者播種(zhong)(zhong)幅；出苗70%左右時(shi)，每(mei)畝(mu)地用(yong)硫(liu)酸(suan)銨5千(qian)(qian)克(ke)(ke)(ke)或(huo)尿(niao)素10千(qian)(qian)克(ke)(ke)(ke)對(dui)水(shui)(shui)澆(jiao)施(shi)或(huo)降雨前撒施(shi)；開(kai)花結莢初期，每(mei)畝(mu)地用(yong)硫(liu)酸(suan)銨10千(qian)(qian)克(ke)(ke)(ke)或(huo)尿(niao)素15千(qian)(qian)克(ke)(ke)(ke)沖水(shui)(shui)澆(jiao)施(shi)；灌漿鼓粒(li)期如果條件允許，可進行根外(wai)追肥，每(mei)畝(mu)地用(yong)磷酸(suan)二氫鉀100g對(dui)水(shui)(shui)40千(qian)(qian)克(ke)(ke)(ke)噴施(shi)，提高(gao)粒(li)重。

(3)化學除草

播(bo)后(hou)芽前，每畝地用50%乙草胺100毫升(sheng)(sheng)或20%敵草胺200毫升(sheng)(sheng)對水50千克全田(tian)噴(pen)霧(wu)，噴(pen)藥后(hou)禁(jin)止人畜(chu)踐踏破壞藥土(tu)層。

(4)病蟲害防治

豌(wan)豆病蟲(chong)(chong)害(hai)發(fa)生(sheng)比(bi)較(jiao)輕，如果發(fa)生(sheng)病蟲(chong)(chong)害(hai)可(ke)以用10%吡蟲(chong)(chong)啉20克(ke)加(jia)敵殺死6毫升防治潛葉(xie)蠅、蚜蟲(chong)(chong)及菜青蟲(chong)(chong)，在治蟲(chong)(chong)時可(ke)加(jia)人75%百菌清75～100克(ke)同時防治病害(hai)。

(5)適時采摘

豌豆(dou)采摘(zhai)主要為粒型(xing)鮮食，做鮮食時籽(zi)粒飽(bao)滿、殼色略(lve)轉淡時可分(fen)批(pi)采摘(zhai)剝粒上(shang)市，采收時要左手(shou)握住豆(dou)蔓，以防(fang)損失豆(dou)株(zhu)。