紅(hong)(hong)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)石海(hai)(hai)棠(tang)(tang)又名“紅(hong)(hong)葉(xie)海(hai)(hai)棠(tang)(tang)”，因其(qi)(qi)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、果(guo)、枝(zhi)干、葉(xie)為(wei)紅(hong)(hong)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)石顏色(se)而得名。春季(ji)紅(hong)(hong)色(se)的(de)(de)枝(zhi)條發芽(ya)(ya)后，其(qi)(qi)嫩芽(ya)(ya)嫩葉(xie)血紅(hong)(hong)，開花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)后紅(hong)(hong)色(se)的(de)(de)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)美不(bu)(bu)(bu)勝收，坐果(guo)后鮮(xian)紅(hong)(hong)的(de)(de)果(guo)實掛(gua)滿全樹；秋季(ji)，果(guo)實成(cheng)(cheng)熟后粉紅(hong)(hong)艷(yan)麗，酸甜適(shi)口，令人(ren)垂涎(xian)欲滴；冬季(ji)，鮮(xian)紅(hong)(hong)的(de)(de)枝(zhi)條更是(shi)令人(ren)耳目(mu)一(yi)新(xin)。紅(hong)(hong)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)石海(hai)(hai)棠(tang)(tang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)僅可以(yi)作(zuo)為(wei)名優新(xin)特水果(guo)栽培(pei)，還是(shi)――種珍貴的(de)(de)綠化美化樹種，具有極(ji)高的(de)(de)觀賞價(jia)值。作(zuo)為(wei)盆景(jing)栽植，紅(hong)(hong)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)石海(hai)(hai)棠(tang)(tang)枝(zhi)條容(rong)易造型，很容(rong)易成(cheng)(cheng)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，具有極(ji)高的(de)(de)觀賞價(jia)值和實用(yong)價(jia)值。紅(hong)(hong)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)石海(hai)(hai)棠(tang)(tang)適(shi)應性很強，只要是(shi)能(neng)生(sheng)(sheng)長普(pu)通海(hai)(hai)棠(tang)(tang)的(de)(de)地方(fang)都能(neng)正常生(sheng)(sheng)長，管理容(rong)易，不(bu)(bu)(bu)容(rong)易感染病蟲害(hai)，修剪簡單，成(cheng)(cheng)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)容(rong)易。用(yong)丁字型芽(ya)(ya)接的(de)(de)一(yi)年(nian)(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)苗，不(bu)(bu)(bu)用(yong)采取任何促進成(cheng)(cheng)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)措施，第(di)二年(nian)(nian)紅(hong)(hong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)掛(gua)滿全樹。現(xian)將栽培(pei)技術總(zong)結如下：

一、砧木種子的處理

嫁接紅寶石海棠的(de)砧木(mu)(mu)為(wei)(wei)普通(tong)海棠或(huo)山丁子(zi)，砧木(mu)(mu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)采用種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)層(ceng)積(ji)處(chu)理(li)。層(ceng)積(ji)處(chu)理(li)前，將(jiang)(jiang)海棠種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)漂(piao)洗干(gan)凈(jing)，去(qu)除雜質(zhi)及癟籽(zi)壞籽(zi)，將(jiang)(jiang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)倒入干(gan)凈(jing)的(de)濕河沙中，沙子(zi)濕度以手握(wo)成團、手縫見水不(bu)滴水為(wei)(wei)宜。選地(di)(di)勢高(gao)燥(zao)、背陰(yin)的(de)地(di)(di)方，挖一(yi)(yi)條深1米、寬0.8米、長(chang)度依據種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)量而定的(de)溝，溝底部鋪上(shang)一(yi)(yi)層(ceng)濕沙，沙子(zi)厚(hou)度為(wei)(wei)20厘(li)米左右，用玉米秸做一(yi)(yi)草把，垂(chui)直(zhi)插在濕沙內(nei)，一(yi)(yi)直(zhi)通(tong)到地(di)(di)面以上(shang)20厘(li)米作為(wei)(wei)通(tong)氣(qi)孔。然后將(jiang)(jiang)拌好的(de)濕沙種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)混合物倒入溝內(nei)，距(ju)離地(di)(di)面20厘(li)米時(shi)為(wei)(wei)止，最后蓋(gai)(gai)一(yi)(yi)層(ceng)濕沙并使地(di)(di)面成一(yi)(yi)沙丘，不(bu)要(yao)蓋(gai)(gai)住通(tong)氣(qi)孔，以防影響通(tong)氣(qi)。我地(di)(di)層(ceng)積(ji)處(chu)理(li)的(de)時(shi)間為(wei)(wei)11月6日，畝用干(gan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)量為(wei)(wei)1.5千(qian)克。沙藏期間，要(yao)檢(jian)查(cha)(cha)一(yi)(yi)次濕度，以防腐爛，第二年3月即可播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。如(ru)果當年冬季溫度高(gao)，早春(chun)要(yao)經(jing)常檢(jian)查(cha)(cha)，發現種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)露(lu)白，說明已(yi)經(jing)打破種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)休眠，開(kai)始發芽。

二、播種

種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)通過(guo)休眠期后，立即播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，一般采(cai)用(yong)條(tiao)播(bo)(bo)的方式。如果(guo)想(xiang)當(dang)年播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、當(dang)年嫁接、當(dang)年出圃，可采(cai)用(yong)小拱棚或溫室(shi)播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)先將(jiang)地濕透(tou)，早(zao)春水(shui)要(yao)小，以防(fang)延(yan)遲播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)期。土壤水(shui)分達(da)到黃墑(di)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，用(yong)鎬開溝，深度2厘(li)(li)米(mi)左(zuo)右(you)，溝底(di)要(yao)平(ping)；播(bo)(bo)幅(fu)寬度20厘(li)(li)米(mi)左(zuo)右(you)、行距40厘(li)(li)米(mi)。撒(sa)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)要(yao)均勻，播(bo)(bo)后用(yong)平(ping)耙(pa)蓋土。如果(guo)采(cai)用(yong)小拱棚育(yu)苗(miao)，播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)以后用(yong)竹篾(mie)或柳(liu)樹條(tiao)作(zuo)拱桿，拱高40厘(li)(li)米(mi)，蓋塑料薄膜，四周用(yong)土壓嚴。也可以平(ping)鋪地膜，但要(yao)及(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)放風(feng)，以防(fang)燙傷芽。春季防(fang)治絨毛(mao)金龜(gui)子(zi)(zi)的為害，可用(yong)神農丹防(fang)治。

三、出苗后的管理及嫁(jia)接

出苗(miao)(miao)后(hou)，要(yao)及(ji)時(shi)(shi)放風，當外界晚上(shang)溫度穩定通(tong)過10℃以(yi)上(shang)時(shi)(shi)，可撤掉拱棚。撤掉拱棚后(hou)立(li)即(ji)(ji)(ji)間(jian)(jian)苗(miao)(miao)，苗(miao)(miao)木(mu)(mu)(mu)之間(jian)(jian)的(de)距(ju)離以(yi)8厘米左右(you)為宜，過密的(de)苗(miao)(miao)木(mu)(mu)(mu)帶土移(yi)栽。當苗(miao)(miao)木(mu)(mu)(mu)達到(dao)6片葉子時(shi)(shi)追(zhui)肥(fei)，畝施尿素15千克，施肥(fei)后(hou)澆(jiao)水，中耕除(chu)草。6月海(hai)棠(tang)苗(miao)(miao)木(mu)(mu)(mu)離地面5厘米處(chu)粗度達到(dao)0.6厘米以(yi)上(shang)時(shi)(shi)，即(ji)(ji)(ji)可嫁接(jie)(jie)(jie)。因為紅寶石海(hai)棠(tang)的(de)接(jie)(jie)(jie)穗較細，一(yi)(yi)般采用帶木(mu)(mu)(mu)質(zhi)芽(ya)(ya)接(jie)(jie)(jie)成活率較高(gao)。嫁接(jie)(jie)(jie)后(hou)10天檢查(cha)，葉柄一(yi)(yi)觸(chu)即(ji)(ji)(ji)掉，說明已經成活，在(zai)接(jie)(jie)(jie)芽(ya)(ya)以(yi)上(shang)1厘米處(chu)剪砧，抹掉其他的(de)芽(ya)(ya)，促使紅寶石海(hai)棠(tang)芽(ya)(ya)的(de)萌(meng)發，如果(guo)沒有嫁接(jie)(jie)(jie)成活，立(li)即(ji)(ji)(ji)補接(jie)(jie)(jie)。在(zai)芽(ya)(ya)生(sheng)長期間(jian)(jian)，要(yao)及(ji)時(shi)(shi)抹掉砧木(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)萌(meng)蘗。加強肥(fei)水管理(li)，及(ji)時(shi)(shi)中耕鋤草，防治(zhi)病蟲(chong)害。秋季(ji)落葉時(shi)(shi)，苗(miao)(miao)木(mu)(mu)(mu)可達1米以(yi)上(shang)，即(ji)(ji)(ji)可出圃。